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proved. We have proved some important results about the Kernel of canonical cosine transform.
Key words: Generalized function, Canonical transform, Canonical Cosine transforms, Modulation theorem,
Fourier transform.
[2] Almeida L.B., "The fract ional Fourier t ransform and t ime frequency representat ion IEEE trans on signal processing",Vol. 42, No.11
(1994).
[3] Bhosale B.N. and Choudhary M.S.,"Fractional fourier transform of dist ribut ions of compact support", Bull. Cal. Math. Soc., Vol. 94,
No.5, 349-358 (2002).
[4] Chavhan S.B., Borkar V.C.,"Canonical sine t ransform and their unitary representat ion", Internat ional Journal of Contemporary
Mathemat ical Sciences. (Accepted ).
[5] Moshinky M. Quesne ., "Linear canonical transform and their unitary representat ion", J. Math, Phy., Vol.12, (No.), 1772-1783
(1971).
[6] Namias V., "The fract ional order Fourier transform and its applicat ions in quantum mechanics", I. Inst. Maths. appli., 25, 241-265
(1980).
[7] Peis, Ding J., "Eigen funct ion of linear canonical t ransform", IEEE, trans. sign. proc. Vol.50, No.1 (2002).
[8] Peis, Ding J., "Fract ional cosine, sine and Hart ley transform, trans. on signal processing", Vol.50, No.7, Pub. P.1661-1680 (2002).
[9] Zayed A., "A convolut ion and product theorem for the fractional Fourier t ransform", IEEE sign. proc. letters Vol.5, No.4, 101-103
(1998).
[10] Zemanian A.H., "Dist ribut ion theory and t ransform analysis", McGraw Hill, New York, (1965).
[11] Zemanian A.H., "Generalized Integral Transform", Inter Science Publisher's New York, (1968).
Keywords – block masonry, hollow concrete block, strength of masonry.
[2]. ACI Committee 531, "Commentary on Building Code Requirements for Concrete Masonry Structures", ACI Jounral, Proceedings V.75, No.8, p. 460-498, Sept. 1978.
[3]. Boult, B. F., "Concrete Masonry prism testing", ACI Jounral, Vol.76, p. 1145, Oct. 1979.
[4]. Curtin, W. G., Shaw, G. and Beck, J. K. "Design of reinforced and prestressed masonry", Granada publishing limited, London, 1988.
[5]. Curtin, W. G., Shaw, G., Beck, J. K. and Parkinson, G. I., "Structural Masonry Detailing", Granada Publishing Limited, London, 1989.
[6]. Curtin, W. G., Shaw, G., Beck, J. K. and Bray, W. A., "Structural Masonry Designers Manual", Granada Publishing Limited, London, 1982.
[7]. CP: 111-1964, "Structural recommendations for load bearing walls", British Standard Institution.
[8]. Journal on use of soil cement hollow concrete and others precast cement concrete component and others precast cement concrete components by Indian institute of Engineers (India).
[9]. Neville A.M., Properties of concrete, pitman publishing, 1973.
[10]. Orchard D.F., Concrete Technology volume-I, applied science publishers limited, Third Edition, 1973.
DTMF decoder technique which is implemented by an embedded controller. In this we are using Mobile unit for
wireless communication. Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling is used for telephone signaling over the line
in the voice-frequency band to the call switching center. To meet this requirement we have designed an embedded
system [1].
Key words: Embedded Controller, AC Motor, LCD Module, Mobile unit DTMF decoder, Keil Compiler.
[1.] Application Note Applications of the MT8870Integrated DTMF Receive.
[2.] Power Semiconductor Application Philips Semiconductor
[3.] 6-Pin DIP Randam Phase OptoisolatorsTriac Driver Output (250/400 Volt Peak) ©2005 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation.
[4.] http/:WWW.Fairchildsemi.com. ©2002 Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation.
[5.] How to Used L.C.D.s Part One by Julyan Ilett, ©1997, 1998Wimborne Publishing Ltd.
[6.] LM78LXX Series 3-Terminal Positive Regulators ©1999 National Semiconductor Corporation DS007744.
[7.] www.zarlink.com, LM555/NE555/SA555 Single Timer.
Keywords: Electrostatic Discharge; Human Body model; Electromagnetic radiated fields; ESD simulator; Electromagnetic Interference; Integrated Circuit
[1] Rajashree Narendra, M.L.Sudheer, V. Jithesh, D.C. Pande, "Mathematical Analysis of ESD Generated EM Radiated Fields on Electronic Subsystem", Asia Pacific Symposium on EMC, 2010, pp. 449-452.
[2] S.V.K. Shastry and V.K. Hariharan, "Computer Aided Analysis Of ESD Effects In Dual Gate MOSFET VHF Amplifier", IEEE International Symposium on EMC, Aug 1990, pp. 424-430.
[3] Robert Ashton, "System level ESD Testing-The Test setup", Challenges in testing, Conformity, December 2007, pp 34-40.
[4] Ming-Douker, Jeng-Jie Peng and Hsin-Chin Jiang, "Failure Analysis of ESD damage in a high-voltage driver IC and the effective ESD protection solution", Proceedings of 9th IPFA 2002, Singapore, pp 84-89.
[5] C. Duvvury, R.N.Rountree and O. Adams, "Internal chip ESD phenomena beyond the protection circuit", IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices, Vol. 35, No. 12, 1988, pp 2133-2139.
[6] Zhen Mu and Heiko Dudek, Kun Zhang*, "How to Choose & Place Decoupling Capacitors to Reduce the Cost of the Electronic Products", Cadence Design Systems, Inc., * Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd, 2003.
[7] Hubing, Van Doren, Sha, Drewniak, and Wilhelm, "An Experimental Investigation of 4-Layer Printed Circuit Board Decoupling", Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, August, 1995, pp. 308-312.
[8] Tamara Schmitz and Mike Wong, "Choosing and Using Bypass Capacitors", INTERSIL Application Note, AN1325.0, August 3, 2007, pp. 1-10.
Keywords – Fault detection, Fault location, observer, residues.
[1] Venkatasubramanian, and al., A review of process fault detection and diagnosis part I: quantitative model- based methods. Computers & Chemical Engineering 27, (2003), 293 – 311.
[2] Patton, R.J., Frank, P. Clark, R. Fault diagnosis in dynamic systems (Theory and application, Prentice-Hall, 1989).
[3] Basseville, Nkiforov. Detection of Abrupt Changes (Theory an application. Prentice-Hall, 1993)09.
[4] Chen, Patton, Robust model-Based Fault Diagnosis for dynamic Systems, Kluwer Academic Publishers,Bodton, MA, 1999.
[5] Gertler and al. Analytical redundancy methods in failure detection and isolation. Pro. Of the conference TOOLDIAG'93, April, 5-8, Toulouse, France, 1991.
[6] Himmelblau, D. M. Fault-detection and diagnosis in chemical and petrochemical processes. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1978.
[7] Isermann, R. Process fault-detection based on modelling and estimation methods – a survey. Automatica, 20, 1984, 387–404.
[8] Isermann, R. Supervision, fault-detection and fault-diagnosis methods. An introduction. Control Engineering Practice, 5, 1997, 639–652.
[9] Patton, Frank, & Clark, Patton, R. J., Frank, P. M., & Clark, P. N. (Eds.). Issues of fault diagnosis for dynamic systems. Berlin: Springer, 2000.
[10] Isermann, R. Model-based fault-detection and diagnosis –status and applications, Annuel Reviews in control 29, 2004, 71 – 85.
Keywords –Error-correcting code, FPGA hardware, LDPC, ROM Configuration Shannon capacity
[1] C. Shannon, "A mathematical theory of communication," Bell System Technical Journal, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 379-423, 1948.
[2] S.-Y. Chung, J. Forney, G.D., T. Richardson, and R. Urbanke, "On the design of low density parity check codes within 0.0045 db of the shannon limit," Communications Letters, IEEE, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 58-60, Feb 2001.
[3] R. Gallager, "Low-density parity-check codes," Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 21-28, Jan 1962.
[4] D. J. C. MacKay, "Good error-correcting codes based on very sparse matrices," IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 399–431, Mar. 1999.
[5] G. Masera, F. Quaglio, and F. Vacca, "Implementation of a flexible LDPC decoder,"Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 542-546, June 2007.
[6] V. G. Chris Winstead, Nhan Nguyen and C. Schlegel, "Low-voltage cmos circuits for analog iterative decoders," Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 53, Apr. 2006.
[7] C. Kong and S. Chakrabartty, "Analog iterative ldpc decoder based on margin propagation," Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol..54, pp.1140-1144, Dec.2007.
[8] S. Hemati and A. Banihashemi, "Dynamics and performance analysis of analog iterative decoding for low-density parity-check (ldpc) codes," Communications, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 54, pp. 61-70, Jan. 2006.
[9] A. Blanksby and C. Howland, "A 690-mw 1-gb/s 1024-b, rate-1/2 low-density parity-check code decoder," Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of, vol.37, no.3, pp.404-412, Mar2002.
[10] G. C. Luca Fanucci, Pasquale Ciao, "Design of a fully-parallel high-throughput decoder for turbo gallager codes," IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, no.7, pp.976-1986.
[11] L. Zhou, C. Wakayama, and C.-J. Shi, "Cascade: A standard supercell design methodology with congestion-
In this paper, we consider the Ricker population model , where r is the control
parameter and k is the carrying capacity, and obtain some interesting inequalities on the Hausdorff dimension. Our
idea can be extended to Higher dimensional models for further investigation in our research field.
Key Words: Hausdorff dimension / Ricker's model / Fractals 2010subject classification : 37 G 15, 37 G 35 ,37 C
45
[1] K. Alligood, T. Sauer, and J. Yorke, "Chaos": An Introduction to Dynamical Systems, New York: Spinger–Verlag, 1997.
[2] J. Andres and J. Libor ,"Period three plays a negative role in a multivalued version of Sharkovskii's theorem" , Non linear Anal. 51 , 1101-04, 2002 [3] T. Bedford, "Dimension and Dynamics for Fractal Recurent ets", J. London Mathematical Society, vol 33, pp89- 100, 1986
[4] A. Brännström and D.J. Sumpter , " The role of competition and clustering in population dynamics." Proc Biol Sci., Oct 7 272 (1576) : 2065–72 (1) , 2005 .
[5] Dennis Brian, R.A. Desharnais, J.M. Cushing and R.F. Costantino , Nonlinear Demographic Dynamics: Mathematical Models, Statiscal Methods and Biological Experiments,Ecological Monographs," 65 (3), 261- 281(Ecological Society of America), 1995
[6] Kenneth Falconer, "Fractal Geometry, Mathematical Foundations and Applications" , John Wiley & Sons , 2000
[7] J. Gewexe and S. Porter-Hudan, "The Estimation and Application of Long Memory Time Series Models", J. Time Series Anal, vol 4, Pp 221- 228, 1983
[8] J.W. Havstad and C.L. Ehlers, " Attractor Dimension of Nonstationary Dynamical Systems from Small Data Sets", Physics Rev A 39, 845- 53, 2005
[9] A. J. Homburg , "Periodic attractors, strange attractors and hyperbolic dynamics near homoclinic orbits to saddle focus equilbria. Nonlinearity 15 (2002) 1029-1050, 2002
[10] H.M. Wu , The Hausdroff dimension of chaotic sets generated by a continuous map from [a , b] intoitself." J. South China Univ. Natur. Sci. Ed. 45-51 , 2002
This paper presents stacked fractal patch antenna for reducing radio frequency interference.
Mitigation of intentional and unintentional jamming of GPS signals is a must in the antenna design for robust
system performance. To achieve this, two fractal patch antennas with different radiation patterns are stacked
one over the other and they are selected using diode switching. This combination of features is packed in a
single antenna unit that can be a direct replacement of existing antennas. Fractal patch antenna is proposed to
reduce the size with miniaturization techniques, not only for the single element structure, but also in the stacked
design. The designs of fractal patch antenna operate at 1.776 GHz for Global Positioning System (GPS)
application. The fractal structure is introduced into the basic structure intended to reduce the frequency of
operation. Hence miniaturization can be achieved. Simulation has been performed using software package
Zeland IE3D.
Key Words: Patch Antenna, GPS, Fractal Patch Antenna.
[1] John P . Gianvittorio , and Yahya Rahmat Samii , " Fract al Antennas: Novel Ant enna Miniat urizat ion T echnique, and Applicat ions",
lEEE Ant enna's and Propagat ion Magazine, Vol. 44, No. I, pp. 20-32, February, 2002.
[2] IIK Kwon Kim , Tae Hoon Yoo , Jong Gwan Yook, Han Kyu P ark, "The Koch Island Fract al Microstrip P at ch Antenna", Ant ennas
and Propagat ion Society, 2001 IEEE Internat ional Sym, Vol. 2,pp. 736 -739,2001.
[3] John D. Kraus, Ronald J. Marhefka, Antennas for All Applicat ions, New York: McGrawHill , 2002. Romeu , J., Borja, C., Blanch,
S., " High Direct ivit y Modes in the Koch Island Fract al P at ch Ant enna",
[4] Antennas and Propagat ion Society Internat ional Symposium, 2000. IEEE,Vol.3, pp.1696-1699,2000.
[5] M.Ismail, H.Elsadek, E.A.Abdullah and A.A.Ammar. "P ulse 2.45 Fract al Microstrip Pat ch Antenna", Microst rip Department,
Electronics Research Inst itute, E1-Tahrir st., Nat ional Research Center building, EGYPT, Dec 2007.
[6] S.Tedjini, T.P .Vuong, and V.Beroulle, "Ant enna for RFID t ags." in proceeding of smart object s and Ambient Intelligence
Conference, vol,121,oct.2005.
[7] J.Gut erman, A.A.Moreira, and C.P eixeiro,"Dual-band miniaturized microst rip fractal antenna for small GSM1800+UMTS mobile
handset," in proceeding of 12th IEEE Medit erranean Electro t echnical Conference, Dubrovnik, May 2004.
[8] J. Romeu and J. Soler, " Generalized Sierpinski Fract al Mult iband Ant enna," IEEE Transact ion Ant ennas and Propagat ion, vol. 49,
no. 8, pp. 1237-1239, August 2001.
[9] R.Q. Lee and K.F. Lee, "Experimental St udy of T wo -layer Electromagnet ically Coupled Rectangular Pat ch Antenna,"IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propagat ., vol.AP-38, no.8, pp.1298-1302, August 1990.
[10] Chat ree Mahatthanajatupha and Prayoot Akkaraekthalin, "An NP generator model for Microst rip Minkowski fractal
ant enna,"Proceeding of the 3rd ECTI, vol.2, pp.749-752, May 2006.
[11] J. Romeu and J. Soler, " Generalized Sierpinski Fract al Mult iband Antenna," IEEE Transact ions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.
49, no. 8, pp. 1237-1239, August 2001.
Keywords – Microstrip patch Antenna, Feed, Substrate.
[1] Simone Ggenovesi,Member,IEEE,Sergio saponara and Aggostino Monorchio,senior Member, IEEE "parametric Design of compact Dual-Frequency Antennas for Wireless Sensor Networks" in IEEE Transactions of Antennas and Propagation Vol.9,No.7,July 2011.
[2] R.Suryanarayana,Una ChandrSekhar,Ashutosh mohanty, Asit K.Panda and Rabindra K.Mishra "A CPW Fed Complementing C-Shaped Patch Antenna for Broadband Communication" in 2011 International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies.
[3] Patnam Hanumantha Rao, Vincent F. Fusco, and Robert Cahill, "Wide-Band Linear and Circularly Polarized Patch Antenna Using a Printed Stepped T-Feed" IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag., VOL. 50, NO. 3, MARCH 2002.
[4] Design of High Gain Multiple U-Slot MicrostripPatch Antenna for Wireless SystemXiaoang Li, Chao LiSchool of Information Science and Technology, Southwest Jiaotong University, China
[5] DUAL BAND MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING U AND S SLOTS FOR WLAN APPLICATION.Fitri Yuli Zulkifli*, Dian Rodhiah, and Eko Tjipto RahardjoAntena propagation and Microwave Research Group (AMRG).
[6] Balanis, C. A., "Antenna Theory Analysis andDesign", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997.
Keywords – Concentrated solar power, target, reflectors, stored energy, glass transmissivity
[1] Roeb M and Müller-Steinhagen H, Concentrat ing on Solar Electricity and Fuels, Science, 329 (13), 2010.
[2] Kroposki B, Margolis R and Ton D, Harnessing the sun An Overview of Solar Technologies, may/June 2009
[3] Braendle S, Benefits of metal reflect ive surfaces for concent rat ing solar applicat ions, Power and Energy Magazine 2010, American
Solar Energy Society, first published in the SOLAR 2010 Conference Proceedings.
[4] DOE, Reducing water consumpt ion of concent rat ing solar power elect ricity generat ion. U.S. Department of Energy. Report to
Congress. 2010.
[5] EIA, Monthly electric sales and revenue report with state dist ribut ions report . U.S. Energy Informat ion Administ rat ion, form EIA-
826, 2010
[6] Johnson G, Plugging into the sun, Nat ional Geographic magazine, Sept. 2009.
[7] Kearney A T, Solar thermal electricity 2025; (2010), available on: www.atkearney.com
[8] Piemonte V, De Falco M, Tarquini P and Giaconia A, Life cycle assessment of a high temperature molten salt concentrated solar
power plant. Presented at 20th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, 2010.
[9] Ummel K, Concentrat ing solar power in China and India: a spat ial analysis of technical potent ial and the cost of deployment.
Working Paper No. 219, Center for Global Development, Washington, D.C., USA, 2010.
[10] Clifford K H and Kol G J, Incorporat ing uncertainty into probabilist ic performance models of concent rat ing solar power planet s,
Proceedings of Energy Sustainability 2009, July 19-23, San Francisco, California, USA, 2009.
Keywords – MODFET, 2-DEG, SILVACO TCAD, Mole fraction, Critical Thickness.
[1] Ekaterina Harvard, Richard Brown, James R. Shealy, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 58 (2011) 87.
[2] Eric R. Heller, Rama Vetury, Daniel S. Green, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 58 (2011) 1091.
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[4] Ya-Lan Chiou, Ching-Ting Lee, IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 58 (2011) 3869.
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[6] A. Kuliev, Solid State Electron. 47 (2003) 117.
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