In automatic coffee vending machines, the Y-shaped mixing tube plays a crucial role in transporting hot water and coffee grounds to the extraction chamber, directly impacting brewing efficiency and system durability. This study utilizes combined CFD and Static Structural numerical simulation to evaluate the flow characteristics, pressure distribution, stress, and strain of the Y-shaped tube under real-world operating conditions. The simulation results are used to determine the optimal configuration to minimize pressure loss, reduce coffee grounds clogging, and minimize stress and strain on the component. This research contributes to improving beverage quality, increasing system durability, and providing a scientific basis for the design and optimization of automatic coffee vending machines.

Keywords: Y-tube; CFD; Static Structural; stress; strain; automatic coffee vending machine.

Flexible pavement, particularly the Asphalt Concrete–Binder Course (AC-BC) layer, plays an important role in distributing traffic loads and therefore requires an asphalt mixture with good tensile strength. Meanwhile, Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) plastic waste remains a significant environmental problem in Indonesia. This study analyzes the effect of adding LDPE plastic as an additive on the Indirect Tensile Strength (ITS) of AC-BC asphalt mixtures and observes the resulting microstructural changes through Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) testing.......

Keywords: Tensile Strength; LDPE; AC-BC; SEM; Asphalt Mixture; Marshall Test.

This study investigates the determinants of the inflation rate in Türkiye over the period 2000–2025 using beta regression models. Since the annual inflation rate was transformed into a continuous variable bounded between 0 and 1, beta regression was considered an appropriate modeling framework. Five explanatory variables were included in the analysis: gold prices, gasoline prices, exchange rate, external debt, and gross domestic product (GDP). Four alternative beta regression models were estimated and compared using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), log-likelihood, pseudo.......

Keywords: Beta regression, Inflation, Türkiye, Macroeconomic indicators, Model comparison, Multicollinearity.

Red chili (Capsicum annuum L.) is an important horticultural commodity in Indonesia whose productivity is often constrained by anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum sp. The disease can significantly reduce yield and quality of chili. Control measures generally rely on synthetic fungicides, but their continuous use may result in environmental contamination and pathogen resistance. Therefore, environmentally friendly alternatives are needed. Bintaro (Cerbera odollam Gaertn.) leaves contain secondary metabolites with antifungal properties and have potential as a botanical fungicide. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of bintaro leaf extract in suppressing the development of Colletotrichum sp. and to determine the optimum concentration for disease control........

Keywords: anthracnose, Cerbera odollam, Colletotrichum sp., red chili, botanical fungicide.

This study presents a model of the design and control programming of sugarcane juice vending machines. The system is designed and controlled by Mitsubishi FX0N-40MT PLC, combined with sensors, mechanics and actuators to realize the automation of the entire sugarcane juice sales process. The results showed that the model operated stably, the PLC carried out the control of the mechanisms according to the designed PLC program, and the sensors of the actuators coordinated accurately. Meet the requirements set out within the scope of research and testing of the model.

Keywords: Mitsubishi FX0N-40MT PLC, Control System, Sensors, Automation.