Plastic waste is one of the environmental pollution materials on a global scale, especially in Indonesia, because plastic waste is difficult to decompose in the soil. One way to overcome this is by recycling plastic waste. However, this method is not very effective, only about a few percent can be recycled, and the rest ends up in landfills. Another way to do this is to use plastic waste to process it into fuel using a pyrolysis process. This research was conducted to determine the effect of the type of plastic (HDPE and PP) and the amount of heat absorbed by the cooling water by varying the diameter of the heat exchanger (1/2 inch, 3/4 inch and 1 inch) on the physical properties of fuel oil using the pyrolysis process. From the test results, the maximum reactor temperature produced from each type of plastic waste decreases as the heat exchanger diameter increases. However, the volume and calorific value of the fuel produced increases. Generally, the physical properties of fuel oil produced from the pyrolysis process of plastic waste are close to the physical properties of gasoline..

Keywords: fuel, pyrolysis, plastic, waste, physical properties.

Nowadays, women are facing various issues like rape and sexual harassment. This will affect the mental health of women throughout their lives or at least some period. These kinds of actions keep on increasing day by day. Even old age women are kidnapped and sexually abused. Nowadays, a newborn baby girl is also not safe or their parents are insecure about their safety. Looking forward towards this issue we need to make some application or device which will make women feel comfortable around society. So, in this project, we have planned to propose a device that will provide security and confirm the safety of the women. ESP32 Microcontroller, GSM, and GPS module are used to send a signal and live location of women to enrolled emergency mobile numbers in their contact. In addition, this project will also work in remote areas.

Keywords: women safety, screaming, Global system for communication, Global positioning system.

This paper presents the design and development of a smart meter billing system with online monitoring and auto-cutoff functionality using the Internet of Things (IoT). The system leverages an ESP32 microcontroller to collect real-time voltage and current data from a digital meter. A voltage divider circuit scales the voltage level for accurate measurement by the microcontroller's ADC. A Schmitt trigger circuit (IC 7414) potentially enhances the precision of readings by sharpening pulses from the digital meter's blinking LED. The collected data is transmitted to the cloud platform ThingSpeak through the ESP32's integrated Wi-Fi module, enabling remote monitoring via mobile applications.......

Keywords: Wi-Fi connectivity, Internet of Things (IOT)l, ESP32 microcontroller, LCD display, Thingspeak.

This paper presents a smart health monitoring and position tracking system which facilitates real-time position of a soldier and collect and transmit health data to the base station. Defence Sector is a backbone of a any country. In a modern era, Indian Air force, Indian Army and Indian Navy plays vital role in making security strategy of nation. We are familiar with the attacks done by enemies on a Indian soldiers, like a URI and a Pulwama. Already India has lost thousands of soldiers in this attack. In this project, for the safety purpose of troopers, a number of appliances and devices are attached with them to take a check on their health status. GPS used for a place the latitude and longitude to find exact position of a soldier......

Keywords: soldier safety, soldier health monitoring, Global system for communication, Global positioning system.

Deepfakes, synthetic media generated by deep learning techniques, pose a significant threat to online security and trust in media. This research investigates the application of Vision Transformers (ViTs) for deepfake detection, aiming to address the increasing realism and complexity of deepfakes. We propose a deep learning model leveraging ViTs to identify patterns and inconsistencies indicative of deepfakes. The model will be trained on a comprehensive dataset encompassing real and deepfake images/videos. Performance optimization will target high accuracy, precision, and recall for real-world deployment. The key challenge addressed is the evolving nature of deepfakes.......

Keywords: Vision Transformers (ViTs), Deep learning, Image analysis, Self-attention mechanism, Real-time detection.

Dispute over the impact of biodiesel production on food security makes the use of crops and food producing plants not sustainable. Biodiesel is produced by the chemical reaction of vegetable oil or animal fat with an alcohol in the presence of either homogenous or heterogenous catalyst. However, using a homogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production is recently considered unsustainable by industries due to its single use, slow reaction rate and saponification issues due to the presence of fatty acids in the feedstock. The potential of banana peel ash as a suitable catalyst for conversion of microalgae oil to fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) in a transesterification reaction was investigated in this research........

One of the crucial difficulties we aim to find in computer vision is to recognize items automatically without human interaction in a picture. Face detection may be seen as an issue when the face of human beings is detected in a picture. The initial step towards many face-related technologies, including face recognition or verification, is generally facial detection. Face detection however may be quite beneficial. A biometric identification system besides fingerprint and iris would likely be the most effective use of face recognition. The door lock system in this project consists of Raspberry Pi, camera module, relay module, power input and output, connected to a solenoid lock. It employs the two different facial recognition algorithms to detect the faces and train the model for recognition purpose.

Keywords: Face recognition, raspberry pi, opencv.

Direct Air Capture (DAC) technology has attracted a lot of interest as a possible way to remove carbon dioxide (CO2) directly from the atmosphere, thereby reducing the effects of climate change. This in depth study offers a thorough analysis of DAC technology, emphasizing its underlying ideas, most current developments, difficulties, and incorporation with carbon capture and storage (CCS) plans. In the context of global climate mitigation efforts, this study tries to clarify the current state of distributed agriculture (DAC), as well as its viability, limitations, and future possibilities, through a thorough analysis of scientific literature, technical advancements, and real-world applications.

Keywords: Solenoid valves, Signal Conditioning Unit, Arduino Mega, Sorbent Molecules, CO2 sensors.

This paper presents a novel nonlinear speed control method for the induction motor. The control scheme is derived in the rotor field coordinates and employs an appropriate estimator for the estimation of the rotor flux angle, flux magnitude, and their derivatives. This nonlinear control strategy resolves the dependency problem of the model parameter deviation and measurement errors. However, in this control strategy, the speed, and flux controller are not sensitive to the IM parameters when it is changed during long-term operation or inaccuracies determined. In addition, these controllers also independent of the load torque, the moment of inertia, and coefficients of the mechanical structure. Therefore, the speed and flux responses are fast and accurate as required.

Keywords: Field Oriented Control (FOC), High Performance, Dead-beat.

Falls are the main factor leading to hospitalization among the elderly, and making the prediction of fall risk and timely intervention treatment is the key to achieve healthy aging. In fall risk assessment, common methods at home and abroad include questionnaire, scale, and statistical methods. This paper combines multi-dimensional gait parameters and machine learning algorithms to realize the quantitative assessment and accurate prediction of fall risk. Predict fall risk by building and optimizing machine learning models based on gait analysis. The research work covers the construction of fall risk prediction model, algorithm improvement and comparative analysis..........

Keywords: Gait; Fall Risk Prediction; Machine Learning; Single Task; Dual Task.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the interplay of the concept of Homi Bhabha's mimicry in selected novels such as Zadie Smith's White Teeth and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie's Americanah. The characters in both White Teeth and Americanah find themselves in critical situations due to their cultural differences from their motherland and their immigration into the western world. They try to mimic western manners to identify themselves with the culture of the West. The novels show how, during the postcolonial period of transition, the Native Africans,especially Nigerians, were inclined to mimic the culture and manners of the West. The characters in the novel try to mimic western culture, unaware of their subversive potential. Therefore, to.........

Keywords: Mimicry, Postcolonial period, transition, culture, psychology.

Urbanization rate reflects on per-capita income. Population density makes urban amenities economically viable.The smart city agenda drives economic growth with local area development improving quality of life, and harnessing technology for smart outcomes, saying , 'SMART IS THE NEW GREEN'. Human urban ecology is about 'environment' and 'nature' of urban regions in relation to human activities and social patterns. E-waste is growing at an alarming rate of 3-5 percent per year globally, 6.8 kg on an average to every living person. Developed countries dump 50,000 tons e-waste into India, every year. An urban living should innovate itself as much as possible to find new avenues to earn and save wealth.

Keywords: innovation, bank, solar installations, municipality, e-waste.

Efficient management of laboratory assets in educational organizations is crucial for ensuring smooth operation and optimal resource utilization. Traditional methods of asset identification and tracking often prove to be time-consuming and error-prone. In this paper, we propose a QR code-based fixed assets identification method tailored specifically for laboratory asset management in educational settings. We detail the design and implementation of the system, along with an evaluation of its effectiveness in enhancing asset tracking, maintenance, and overall management efficiency. Results demonstrate the potential of QR code technology to streamline asset management processes and improve resource utilization in educational laboratories,.

Keywords: QR code, laboratory asset management, fixed asset identification, educational organization, asset tracking.

This study describes the findings associated with the design and development of a 4-degree-of- freedom robotic arm model. The Arduino Mega 2560 serves as the control unit for the robotic arm. The system operates as follows: upon entering the conveyor belt, cargo boxes are detected by a camera via QR codes affixed to them. Following QR code detection, the camera transmits a signal to the computer, which utilizes the Visual Studio C# platform for data processing. Subsequently, the computer transmits commands to the Arduino, which in turn transmits control signals to the robotic arm, directing its movements. Testing has demonstrated the system's operational stability and its ability to achieve a high degree of accuracy in item picking and sorting.

Keywords: 4-DOF robot arm, Arduino Mega processor, Image processing, QR code,Visual studio C#.

This article presents the design of a 3-axis Cartesian robot for product classification based on color characteristics, utilizing image processing technology. The proposed product classification system integrates image processing tools within PyCharm with the Cartesian robot to achieve efficient product categorization. Additionally, the system incorporates remote monitoring and control, aiming to enhance its economic viability. The authors employ color recognition algorithms on camera-captured images to detect objects and subsequently instruct the robot to grasp and position the items. Notably, the core of this research revolves around developing intelligent control algorithms but using conventional PID regulators and crafting control rules for the Cartesian robot to guarantee precision and high efficiency. Furthermore, integration with image sensors serves to augment accuracy and optimize production line performance.

Keywords: Product classification, image processing, Cartesian robot.

Optimizing the search engine for a website is one of the crucial activities to bring Vietnam's tourism closer to its target market, enhancing competitiveness in the market, and fostering rapid and sustainable integration into the international economy. To provide a basis for recommending improvements to this activity, the author utilized a combination of various online tools such as SEMrush, SeoQuake, and SEOptimer to assess the current status of optimization activities on both on-page elements (URL, title, heading, meta description, image, internal links, and external links) and off-page elements (link building, social media marketing) of the Vietnam National Authority of Tourism website......

Keywords: SEO Onpage, SEO OffPage, Website, Viet Nam National Authority of Tourism.

In terms of structure, the AFPM motor has its own particular specialists, in details, the stator module may include several types: A single module has one winding set and a dual module has two sets of winding sharing a common core and back-to-back establishment. Similarly, a single rotor module includes only one permanent magnet on one side, and in dual module one, both sides have permanent magnets leaning against each other. Analyzing the working mode of the AFPM motor is essential in modeling and designing the control of the system.

Keywords: AFPM motor, speed controller, axial position.

The rapid development of industrial sector had given rise to the energy crisis, which are urgently needed to be solved. Electric energy is one of them, In India the electricity is generated from coal, wind, solar, thermal, nuclear etc. from which 40% energy is renewable energy. In order to contribute in renewable energy generation a attempt has been made to generate electricity from rainfall. This paper presents a raindrop power electricity generator which uses the kinetic energy of raindrop and convert this energy in electricity. This can be achieved by using piezoelectric generator to harness the kinetic energy from falling water. When a raindrop falls on the piezoelectric sensor due to piezoelectric effect the kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy, the voltage generated is further displayed using microcontroller. The project focuses on building a prototype and analyzing its power generation capabilities.

Keywords: Raindrop, Electricity, Prototype, Voltage.

In the current context, innovating teaching method is one of the important factors that help improve the quality of education and training. Project-based teaching is a form of teaching that is both collaborative and highly practical, and is one of the innovative teaching methods in which the learner is the subject of the learning activity. Participate in activities related to real-life situations, experience, observe, discuss and solve problems according to your way of thinking. From there, students will gain new knowledge, skills and develop their creative potential. This article will present some theories related to project teaching and apply this method to teaching the Management course at Vietnam - Korea University of Information and Communications Technology, University of Danang.

Keywords: Method, Methodology innovation, Method of teaching, Project based learning.

Science must act coherently. Science educators teaching evolutionary theory simultaneously consider the domains- conceptual, epistemic, worldview/religious, social and cultural. Students' conceptual ecology facilitate or impede the learning process. The concepts- intention, meaning, value, are central to an understanding of human action and a grasp of them entails a language comprehension of the individuals and the society. Research and teaching science are being turned into fields of business and economy with the aim of circular accumulation of material and symbolic capital, complemented with the logic of distinction. Education is an investment in a nation's future. Teachers approach students in the format: identify, isolate and improve. Single-minded self driven approach gives results.

Keywords: education, science, epistemology, creativity

The art of glass crafting has undergone a transformative journey over centuries, with artisans continually exploring novel techniques to push the boundaries of creativity. Microwave-formed glass techniques represent a recent advancement in the field, offering unparalleled speed, precision, and versatility in shaping glass into intricate three-dimensional forms. This study explores the application of microwave-formed glass techniques in contemporary craftwork, highlighting its potential to revolutionize traditional glass crafting practices. Through a combination of theoretical insights and practical examples, this study explored into the unique characteristics of microwave-formed glass and its implications for crafting exquisite three-dimensional custom jewellery.

Keywords: Kiln-formed glass, Three-dimensional pendants, Fusing, jewellery, Artistic synergy.

The progressive exhaustion of principal sources to acquire metals has led to the quest for other sources for their recovery. In the precise case of titanium, titaniferous sands are a practicable option for obtaining this metal. Titanium oxide, also known as titanium (IV) oxide, or titanium, is the natural form of oxidized titanium. Titanium dioxide is commonly detected in three forms of anatasis, rutile, and brookite. The methodology for the concentration of titanium oxide was based in industrial extraction of titanium ores and consists of solubilizing the impurities present in the sample by means of chemical attack. It has been determined experimentally that at temperatures around 70°C, hydrochloric acid provides a better solubilization of impurities, without extracting titanium, and it is possible to obtain a residual solid phase with about 58.5% of titanium on it. The results were determined by using the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique.

Keywords: titanium; titaniferous sands; solubilizing; concentration.

In this study, the potential of extracting pure alumina from kaolin clay was examined. The kaolin clay was collected from Auchi, in Edo State, Nigeria. The ore was dug with a shovel and stored in bags for further processing. The kaolin sample was calcined at 850oC and held for 2hours, the raw and the calcined kaolin were analysed using the XRD, XRF and FTIR to determine the percentage chemical composition. Loss on ignition, bulk density, water absorption, and dry and fired shrinkage was also determined on the sourced clay and the result recorded. 3kg of the calcined sample was placed in a jar mill and milled for 6 hours to obtain a very fine powder. 10g Sample of the milled calcined kaolin was combined......

Sun is our weather source and our climate arbiter. A photon of visible light has an energy of 2eV. The sun's luminosity diluted by the square of the distance, radiates a power of 3.8 * 1026 watts to earth, at a mean distance of 150million kilometres from the sun. The moon is a solid, rocky, body with an equatorial diameter 3476 km, orbiting earth at a mean distance 384,000 km, reflecting sunlight. The moon's sidereal period is 27.3 days, with an elliptical orbit perigree 356410 km and an apogee 406679km. When directly overhead, sunlight delivers 1.365 kW/m2 to the lunar surface and photovoltaic cells have an energy conversion factor of 20 percent.

Keywords: SUN, Moon, Regolith, photovoltaic cell, albedo.