This research aims to use a demerit system as a method to evaluate the level of the quality of the final product. Demerit system was applied as a case study to obtain the research objectives in the factory of transformers and household appliances, which represents as a majority factory in the formations of the general company for Electronic Industries. In this research, the Reflective Product was selected as a sample research. Several of the quantitative and scientific instruments that represent demerit system were used to achieve the research objectives. The results demonstrations that adopted identified each of the level of the quality of the final Reflective Product and standard level of quality are very important during the period of the assessment final product.

KEY WORD: Product quality; Demerit system; value demerit; standard level of quality; Quality Index; Demerit quality control

Kiswahili one of the compulsory subjects that is nationally examined but there has been complaints about poor performance in schools. This paper is a report of a study carried out in 2012 in Kapseret Division of Uasin Gishu County. The study assessed the effects of the language of the catchment area in learning Kiswahili. The study was guided by sociocultural theory (SCT) and was descriptive in nature. Simple random sampling was used to select 15 out of 50 schools in Kapseret Division, it was also used to select 20 %(750) of standard six pupils from each of the selected schools. Purposive sampling was used to select 30 upper primary Kiswahili teachers; one class six Kiswahili teacher and a Kiswahili panel head from the selected schools. Data was collected using questionnaires, observation checklists. It was analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques such as percentages and frequencies. The investigation found out Nandi was the language of the catchment area but Kiswahili was used in communication because of different ethnic communities. Kiswahili be used in schools, parents be sensitized to have a positive attitude towards Kiswahili hence changing the learners attitude.

KEY WORD: Catchment area, Language of instruction, Direct translation, Stigmatization, Kiswahili

Low electric currents generated using conductive electrodes have been used to increase the efficacy of antibiotics against bacterial biofilms, a phenomenon termed "the bioelectric effect" that formed metal ions and free radicals which can inhibit the growth of planktonic Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) and Escherichia Coli (E.Coli) the effect is amplitude and frequency dependent, the aim of present study to define the parameters that are most effective against bacterial growth also to investigate the comparative study through inactivation of metabolic activities, growth rate, morphology, bacterial conductivity and antibiotic sensitivity between gram negative E.Coli and gram positive S.aureus bacteria by extremely low frequency electric field (ELF-EF). In this work, the frequency of electric impulses that interfere with the bioelectric signals generated during E.Coli and S.aureus cellular division is investigated in order to compare cell viability, number of colony forming units (CFU) and growth rate (optical density at 600nm) bacterial conductivity and antibiotic susceptibility. Also morphological cellular structure was investigated by transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results revealed that a highly significant inhibition effect occurred when S.aureus and E.Coli was exposed to resonance of 0.8, 0.5 Hz square amplitude modulated waves (QAMW) respectively for 2hours exposure .Moreover, exposed cells became more sensitive to the tested antibiotics compared to control. Significant ultra-structural changes occurred as observed by TEM which indicated morphological changes. It will be concluded that, the use of 0.8, 0.5 Hz QAMW in controlling the biological activity of S.aureus and E.coli respectively seems to be a new and promising medical activity.

KEY WORD: S.aureus , E.Coli , electric field, modulated waves, TEM, antibiotic susceptibility.

In Ayurveda from ancient time Ocimum Sanctum, AzardirachtaIndica, TriticumAestivum, PhyllanthusEmblica, StrychnosPotatorum etc. natural herbs areproved tobe very useful medicines. Inthe present study effectiveness of these herbs in water purification because of their antibacterial activity is studied.Leaves and fruits of these herbs were dried, extracted and activity was tested by Disc Diffusion Method (Kirby-Bauer Method). In all these herbs maximum removal of E.coli was found at maximum 1% onwards.From the percentage removal of E.coli Ocimum Sanctum was found most effective. 82.15% removal of E.coli was observed for 1% and onward concentration of Ocimum Sanctum.

KEY WORD: Herbs, Extract, Antibacterial Activity, E.coli.

We have successfully grown MnGeP2 thin films on GaAs (100) substrate. A ferromagnetic transition near 320 K has been observed by temperature dependent magnetization and resistance measurements. Field dependent magnetization experiments have shown that the coercive fields at 5, 250, and 300 K are 3870, 1380 and 155 Oe, respectively. Magnetoresistance and Hall measurements have displayed that hole conduction is dominant in MnGeP2.
PACS: 75.50.Pp, 75.70.-i, 85.70.-w, 73.50.-h

KEY WORD: MnGeP2 films, Ferromagnetic semiconductors

Ulysses achieved a solar orbit with an inclination of 80.200, perihelion of 1.34 AU, aphelion of 5.4 AU and a period of 6.2 years. By comparing observations taken over nearly all heliolatitudes and two different intervals covering the same radial distances, we are able to separate the radial and latitudinal variations in the solar wind. This paper describes the detailed results of the studies devoted to the solar activity impact on the Earth's upper atmosphere and ionosphere. The methods used in this study are based on the data driven from the Ulysses spacecraft. The primary objective of the Ulysses solar wind plasma investigation uses SWOOPS (Solar Wind Observations over the Poles of the Sun) instrument to investigate and establish bulk flow parameters and internal state conditions of the solar wind as a function of solar latitude. The electron temperature Te and the electron density Ne are found to exhibit a sharp enhancement during the ascending half of the solar cycle 23 (1996 – 2004).

KEY WORD: solar wind electrons, solar activity, ionosphere, solar cycle.

A 7-13 c/s mechanographic signal (amplitude 1-5μV) is detectable over relaxed limbs, phenomenon termed microvibration (MV). Exposure to mechanographic signals, low frequency noise, on other side, results in vibroacoustic disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of vibroacoustically-induced MV in regio nuchae (vibroacoustic device Vitafon, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation) using four different modes of MV of specific amplitude (2.8 μm - 12.3 μm) and frequency (30 Hz – 18 kHz) on native undulating electrical CNS activity (EEG registration) in the adult rats. The experiments were performed on Wistar male rats and were divided into control and experimental groups. Rats subjected to the same experimental protocol, but with vibroacoustic treatment switched off, served as controls. EEG activity was registered during application of vibroacoustic MV and following was observed regardless of working regime: none of the graphoelements indicating hyperexcitability; there were no reduction in vigilance; beta rhythm and moderate transition alpha in beta rhythm were observed. Slightly override the beta waves in relation to alpha EEG band, under the stimulus of vibroacoustically-induced microvibration by Vitafon, suggests that mental alertness increased as well as focused attention, with no signs of hyperexcitability in rats.

KEY WORD: Vitafon, microvibrations, rats, EEG

Variations in the fluoride content of saline water, salt and pan soil from nine different salt pans located at the East Coast belt of Tamil Nadu have been documented. Fluoride which is non-degradable and persists in the environment was estimated by Zirconyl-alizarin method. The fluoride level varied from 0.6 to 1.7 ppm. Fluoride level in the salt of Marakkanam (Bore well) was found to be slightly higher than other salt pans.The chemical parameters which are used to study the level of fluoride in saline waters included chloride, sulphate, sodium, magnesium, potassium and calcium.

KEY WORD: Fluorosis. Salt pan. Pan soil. Born-Haber cycle, Fluoride.

Hydrophilic formate dehydrogenase (FDH) from candida boidinii was chemically modified by coating it with didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB). This coating changed the phase behavior of the enzyme, making it highly soluble in hydrophobic solvents and thereby offering the chance for biphasic enzyme recycling from hydrophilic substrates and products. Different coating procedures of FDH with DDAB were investigated and all proved suitable for efficient coating of the enzyme's outer surface. A 50 mM Tris-(hydroxymethyl)-amminomethan (tris) buffer at pH 8 was chosen to make DDAB soluble and avoid aggregation. The reaction of NAD+ with uncoated and coated FDH to NADH and CO2 was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopy and kinetic parameters (rmax, Km, KI, EA) for the the FDH were determined. The coated enzyme resulted in a lower relative initial activity between 40-60% compared to the uncoated one. The stability of the coated enzyme (FDH*) was improved significantly and remained stable in long-term experiments, resulting in a deactivation rate kD smaller than 3% per day and a half-life time t1/2largerthan 23 days, while the deactivation rate of the uncoated enzyme was 260% per daywitha t1/2of 0.3 days. Both activation energies were similar, with 42 kJ mol-1 for the coated and 48 kJ mol-1 for the uncoated enzyme.This result suggests that there is not significant transport resistance originating from the DDAB coating layer. The reason for the significantly lower activity of the coated FDH probably stems from accumulation of formed CO2 in the coating layer, thereby preventing high equilibrium conversions.

KEY WORD: ---

The micro-tensile behavior of AA7020/carbon black nanoparticle composites was examined by using finite element analysis and representative volume element models for three different volume fractions. The uniform distributions of the nanoparticles were constructed to produce a representative volume element of the composites. The predicted mechanical properties and overall tensile stress-strain by finite element analysis corresponded well to the experimental results at the elastic region and near the yield surface, but the model slightly overestimated the strength of the composites at higher stress. This deviation possibly occurs from micro-mechanical factors, which were not considered in the RVE models. In contrast to FE analysis, fracture of the nanoparticle-matrix debonding occurred because of large localized stress. In the case of a high applied load, non-linear behavior of reinforcements and interfacial strength should be considered to obtain accurate results

KEY WORD: AA7020, carbon black, RVE, micro-tensile behavior, finite element analysis.

In general cases the refrigerator could be converted into an air conditioner by attaching a fan. Thus a cooler as well as freezer is obtained in a single set up. The freezer can be converted to an air conditioner when the outside air is allowed to flow beside the cooling coil and is forced outside by an exhaust fan. In this case a mini scale cooler cum freezer using R134a as refrigerant was fabricated and tested
In our mini project work we had designed, fabricated and experimentally analysed a mini cooler cum freezer. From the observations and calculations, the results of mini cooler cum freezer are obtained and are compared.

KEY WORD: Mini Cooler, R134a, Exhaust fan.