In recent years ad-hoc parallel data processing has emerged to be one of the killer applications for Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) clouds. Major Cloud computing companies have started to integrate frameworks for parallel data processing in their product portfolio, making it easy for customers to access these services and to deploy their programs. However, the processing frameworks which are currently used have been designed for static, homogeneous cluster setups and disregard the particular nature of a cloud. Consequently, the allocated compute resources may be inadequate for big parts of the submitted job and unnecessarily increase processing time and cost. In this paper we discuss the opportunities and challenges for efficient parallel data processing in clouds and present our research project Nephele. Nephele is the first data processing framework to explicitly exploit the dynamic resource allocation offered by today's IaaS clouds for both, task scheduling and execution. Particular tasks of a processing job can be assigned to different types of virtual machines which are automatically instantiated and terminated during the job execution. Based on this new framework, we perform extended evaluations of MapReduce-inspired processing jobs on an IaaS cloud system and compare the results to the popular data processing framework Hadoop.

[1] A. Kivity. kvm: the Linux Virtual Machine Monitor. In OLS '07: The 2007 Ottawa Linux Symposium, pages 225–230, July 2007.
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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) using post-combustion technology is the most mature CO2 capture technology. Post-combustion process reference is based on the absorption/desorption process with a solution of monoethanolamine (MEA) 30wt% in water. However, this benchmark molecule has some drawbacks and especially the high regeneration energy which is around 4 GJ/ton CO2. For this reason, there is a need to innovate and optimize solvents for CO2 capture in order to minimize the regeneration energy and to improve the solvent capture efficiency. The choice of the promising molecules depends on many physical and chemical characteristics (like absorption capacity, kinetics reaction between amine, reaction enthalpy and solvent stability and toxicity). This work focuses on the absorption capacity and the reaction rates of single and blended amines. Five commercially available amines with 30wt% and 50wt% concentrations in water (monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), 2-amino-2-methylpropanol (AMP) and piperazine (PZ)) were screened experimentally based on equilibrium CO2 absorption capacity and CO2 absorption rate data; the results show that experimental data for single amines are in good agreement with literature values. From the solvent combinations, four piperazine-based blends show strong indication of better performance than 30wt% MEA reference.---

KEY WORDS: monoethanolamine, piperazine, CO2 absorption capacity, CO2 absorption rate

[1] IPCC. IPCC Special Report on Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage. Prepared by Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Metz, B.,O. Davidson, H. C. de Coninck, M. Loos, and L. A. Meyer (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, in, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, 2005, pp. 442.
[2] A.B. Rao, E.S. Rubin, A technical, economic, and environmental assessment of amine-based CO2 capture technology for power plant greenhouse gas control, Environmental science & technology, 36 (2002) 4467-4475.
[3] B. Mandal, A. Biswas, S. Bandyopadhyay, Absorption of carbon dioxide into aqueous blends of 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and diethanolamine, Chemical Engineering Science, 58 (2003) 4137-4144.
[4] A. Bello, R.O. Idem, Comprehensive study of the kinetics of the oxidative degradation of CO2 loaded and concentrated aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) with and without sodium metavanadate during CO2 absorption from flue gases, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 45 (2006) 2569-2579.
[5] B.A. Oyenekan, G.T. Rochelle, Energy performance of stripper configurations for CO2 capture by aqueous amines, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 45 (2006) 2457-2464.

As fossil fuels like coal and petroleum are depleting in India, so alternative sources of energy is the requirement of the present day. One amongst the major challenging source of energy is biogas being produced from biomass. At the same time, enormous amount of garbage produced in India is a huge problem in terms of disposal and handling. Therefore, an effort have been made here to utilize fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) for generation of bio-methane by anaerobic digestion (AD) method. Experiments have been carried out separately at four different slurry concentrations at three different temperatures respectively. Essentially all experiments have been performed by dry anaerobic digestion basis and five different catalysts have been added to promote the digestion process. From the study it is inferred that process with 4% slurry concentration at 37°C gave best results out of all processes. Productions of biogas yield, and ultimate methane yield have been presented.

KEYWORDS: anaerobic digestion, bio-methane, slurry concentration, temperature, catalyst.

[1] Christian Muller, Anaerobic digestion of biodegradable solid waste in low- and middle-income countries, overview over existing technologies and relevant case studies, Eawag Aquatic Research, Water and Sanitation in Developing Countries (Sandec), Dubendorf; May 2007.
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MANET is a Self-configuring infra-structure less network. It is connected by wireless. One of the major issues in MANET is routing. Routing is the act of moving information across an internet from source to destination. Various characteristics like dynamic topology, limited resource & energy, time varying QoS requirements etc will limit the Performance and Quality. The primary challenge in building MANET is to find the path between communication end points for satisfying user's QoS requirements. In this paper an Optimized Ant Routing (OAR) for improving QoS has been proposed. It introduces a new concept named virtual sub-colony, which is used to search for an sub-optimal for a given QoS requirements in real time. The proposed algorithm will be highly adaptive, efficient & scalable, autonomously resolve network congestion & resist network failures. It can promptly adapt to a changing network status.

Index Terms: MANETS, QoS routing, Ant Colony Optimization

[1] Jianping Wang, Eseosa Osagie, Parimala Thulasiraman and Ruppa K.Thulasiram, "A Hybrid Ant conoy optimization routing
algoritm for Mobile ad hoc network", Department of Computer Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T
2N2.
[2] M. Belkadi, M.Lalam, A.M'zoughi, N.Tamanil, M.Daoui and R.Aoudjit, "Intelligent routing and flow control in MANETS", Journal
of computing and Information technology-CIT , pp-233-243, March 18,2010.
[3] Shahab Kamali and Jaroslav Opatrny, " A Position based Ant colony routing algorithm for mobile ad hoc networks", Journal of
networks, Vol 3, No.4, April 2008.
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ARTCOM 2010, Kochin, Kottayam Kerala, IEE Explore, pp-171-173, 2010.
[5] C.H.Feng and W.B. Heinzelman, " RBMuticast receiver based protocol for wireless sensor networks", IEE Wireless comm.. and
networking conf.(WCNC'09) Apr 2009.

In this paper, the performance of smart step closed loop power control (SSPC) algorithm and base station assignment method based on minimizing the transmitter power (BSA-MTP) technique for direct sequence-code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) receiver in a 2D urban environment has been compared. The simulation results indicate that the SSPC algorithm and the BSA-MTP technique can improve the network bit error rate in comparison with other conventional methods. Further, the convergence speed of the SSPC algorithm is faster than that of conventional algorithms.

KEYWORDS : DS-CDMA, Power contoal Algorithm, Reverse Link

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[3] Gejji, R. R, Forward-link-power control in CDMA cellular systems, IEEE Tran. Vehicular Technology,41, 1992, 532–536.
[4] Mohamad Dosaranian-Moghadam ,Hamidreza Bakhshi and Gholamreza Dadashzadeh, Reverse Link Performance of DS-CDMA Cellular Systems through Closed-Loop Power Control, Base Station Assignment, and Antenna Arrays in 2D Urban Environment, Wireless Pers Commun, Vol. 65, 2012, 293–318.
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