Manuscript Id	::	21072
Manuscript Type	::	Research
Manuscript Title	::	Mathematical Model For Optimisation Of Modulus Of Rupture Of Concrete Using Osadebe’s Regression Theory
Country	::	Nigeria
Authors	::	C.E. Okere (Dr.)||D.O. Onwuka(Dr.)||N.N. Osadebe
Pages No.	::	01-12
Paper Index	::	: 07.4721/02501012
Full PDF	::

The modulus of rupture (MOR) of concrete is a function of the proportions of the constituent materials, namely, cement, water, fine and coarse aggregates. The conventional methods used to determine the mix proportions that will yield a desired modulus of rupture, are laborious, time consuming and expensive. In this paper, a mathematical method based on Osadebe’s concrete optimisation theory is formulated for the optimisation of the modulus of rupture of concrete. The model can prescribe all the mixes that will produce a desired modulus of rupture of concrete. It can also predict the modulus of rupture of concrete if the mix proportions are specified .The adequacy of the mathematical model is tested using statistical tools.

Key words:model; modulus of rupture; Osadebe’s theory; optimisation; mix proportions.

[1] Neville, A.M. (1996). Properties of concrete. England: Longman.
[2] International Concrete Repair Institute Concrete Repair Terminology [online]. Available from: http://www.google.com/search.
[3] Hueste, M.B.D.; Chompreda, P.; Trejo David; Clinic Daren B.H.; and Feating, P.B.( 2004). Mechanical properties of high strength concrete for prestressed members. ACI Structural Journal.
[4] Kohler, E.; Ali, A.; and Harvey, J. ( 2005). Flexural fatigue life of hydraulic cement concrete beam. Department of Transportation, Partnered Pavement Research Centre, University of Carlifornia, Davies and Berkeley.
[5] Elinwa, A.U.; and Ejeh, S.P. (2005). Characteristics of sisal fibre reinforced concrete. Journal of Civil Engineering Research and Practice, 2 (1), 1-14.
[6] British Standards Institution, 1978. BS 12: 1978. Specification for Portland cement.
[7] British Standards Institution (1992). BS 882: 1992. Specification for aggregates from natural sources for concrete.
[8] British Standards Institution (2002). BS EN 1008: 2002. Mixing water for concrete -Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete.
[9] Scheffe, H. (1958). Experiments with Mixtures. Royal Statistical Society Journal, 20 (B). 344-360.
[10] Osadebe, N.N. (2003). Generalised mathematical modeling of compressive strength of normal concrete as a multi-variant function of the properties of its constituent components. A paper delivered at the college of Engineering, University of Nigeria, Nsukka.
[11] Okere, C.E. (2006). Mathematical Models for Optimisation of Modulus of Rupture of Concrete. Thesis (M. Eng). Federal University of Technology Owerri.

Manuscript Id	::	22018
Manuscript Type	::	Research
Manuscript Title	::	Assessing Efficiency of ITIL Framework to Align Business And IT
Country	::	Iran
Authors	::	Narges Zeinolabedin||Maryam Khademi||Neda Rahbar
Pages No.	::	13-26
Paper Index	::	: 07.4721/025013026
Full PDF	::

Ensuring that IT and business have a more mature alignment relationship is recognized as being critical to an organization’s success. To achieve alignment leveraging, Information Technology Infra-structure Library (ITIL) is considered fundamental as a comprehensive approach to planning and managing IT actions within the organization, based on its business requirements. This survey reports on a study to assess the effect of successful ITIL Framework on the Business-IT alignment in an Iranian organization (municipality IT organization Of Tehran, Iran), using the Luftman’s maturity model as the assessment tool.

Keywords –Business-IT Alignment (BITA); IT Governance; Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL); Luftman’s maturity model.

[1] D. Craig, K. Kanakamedala and R. Tinaikar, "The next frontier in IT strategy: A McKinsey Survey," McKinsey Quarterly, Spring, 2007.
[2] M. McGee, "InformationWeek," no. http://www.informationweek.com/news/210300331, 2008.
[3] J. Luftman, "Assessing IT/business alignment," Information Strategy 20 , p. 7, 2003.
[4] J. McKeen and H. Smith, "Making IT Happen: Critical Issues in IT Management.," no. John Wiley & Sons, 2003.
[5] OGC, "Introduction to ITIL, The IT Service Management Forum,, .pdf , UK," 2007.
[6] A. J. G. Silvius, "The Impact of National Cultures on Business & IT Alignment," Communications of the IIAM, 2008.
[7] R. S. Tapia, "Developing a Maturity Model for IT Alignment in a Cross-Organizational Environment," 2nd Dutch/Belgian Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (EIS), 2007.
[8] H. M. Chen, "Towards Service Engineering: Service Orientation and Business-IT Alignment," in 41st Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS), 2008.
[9] 1. c. a. V. N. Henderson, "Strategic Alignment:Leveraging Information Technology for Transforming Organizations," vol. 32, 1993.
[10] J. Luftman, "Assessing Business-IT Alignment Maturity," Communications of the Association for Information Systems, vol. 4, p. 14, 2000.

Manuscript Id	::	22026
Manuscript Type	::	Research
Manuscript Title	::	Experimental Investigation of A Domestic Refrigerator Having Water-Cooled Condenser Using Various Compressor Oils
Country	::	India
Authors	::	Sreejith K.
Pages No.	::	27-31
Paper Index	::	: 07.4721/025027031
Full PDF	::

The objective of this paper was to investigate experimentally the effect of different types of compressor oil in a domestic refrigerator having water cooled condenser. The experiment was done using HFC134a as the refrigerant , Polyol-ester oil (POE) oil which is used as the conventional lubricant in the domestic refrigerator and SUNISO 3GS mineral oil as the lubricant alternatively. The performance of the domestic refrigerator and HFC134a/POE oil system was compared with HFC134a/SUNISO 3GS mineral oil system for different load conditions. The result indicates that the refrigerator performance had improved when HFC134a/SUNISO 3GS mineral oil system was used instead of HFC134a/POE oil system on all load conditions. The HFC134a/SUNISO 3GS mineral oil works normally and safely in the refrigerator. HFC134a/SUNISO 3GS mineral oil system reduced the energy consumption when compared with the HFC134a/POE oil system between 8% and 11% for various load conditions. There was also an enhancement in coefficient of performance (COP) when SUNISO 3GS mineral oil was used instead of POE oil as the lubricant. The water cooled heat exchanger was designed and the system was modified by retrofitting it, instead of the conventional air-cooled condenser by making a bypass line and thus the system can be utilized as a waste heat recovery unit. The hot water obtained can be utilized for household applications like cleaning, dish washing, laundry, bathing etc. Experimental result shows that about 200 litres of hot water at a temperature of about 58ºC over a day can be generated and thus the system signifies the economic importance from the energy saving point of view.


Keywords –Domestic refrigerator, HFC134a, POE oil, SUNISO 3GS mineral oil, Water-cooled condenser

[1] S.S. Hu, B.J. Huang, “Study of a high efficiency residential split water-cooled air conditioner”, Applied Thermal Engineering 25 (2005) 1599–1613.
[2] H.I. Abu-Mulaweh, “Design and performance of a thermosiphon heat recovery system”, Applied Thermal Engineering 26 (2006) 471–477.
[3] Douglas T.Reindl, Todd B. Jekel, “Heat Recovery In Industrial Refrigeration”, ASHRAE Journal, August 2007.
[4] M. M. Rahman, Chin Wai Meng, Adrian Ng, “Air Conditioning and Water Heating- An Environmental Friendly and Cost Effective Way of Waste Heat Recovery”, AEESEAP, Journal of Engineering Education 2007, Vol. 31, No. 2
[5] Sheng-shan Bi, Lin Shi , Li-li Zhang, “Application of nanoparticles in domestic refrigerators”, Applied Thermal Engineering 28 (2008) 1834–1843.
[6] Romdhane Ben Slama, “Water-heater coupled with the refrigerator to develop the heat of the condenser”, International Renewable Energy Congress November 5-7, 2009 - Sousse Tunisia.

This paper concerns the design and construction of a bi-directional solar tracking system. The constructed device was implemented by integrating it with 900V inverter and 12volts, 100AH battery. The amount of power available from a photovoltaic panel is determined by three parameters, the type and area of the materials, the intensity of the sunlight and the wavelength of the sunlight. With advancement in solar panel technology, parameter one, the type and area of the material had been fully improved upon and standardized. In this research work the other two parameters were fully addressed, as this device ensures maximum intensity of sun rays hitting the surface of the panel from sunrise to sunset. Due to the atmosphere the sun energy is not as great in the morning and evening compared to noontime.


Keywords –Darlington pair, solar radiation, comparator circuit, orthogonal position

[1] Bailis, Robert. “Wood in Household Energy Use”.Encyclopedia of Energy.2004. Pages 516, & 518.
[2] Ackermann, T., Andersson, G., Söder, L. “Distributed generation: a definition”. Electric Power Systems Research. April 2000. Page 195.
[3] Banerjee, “Comparison of Options for Distributed Generation in India”. Energy Policy.Pages 105-110.
[4] Goetzberger, A., Hebling, C., Schock, H..“Photovoltaic materials, history, status and outlook”.Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports. 2002.
[5] Mousazadeh, H., Keyhani, A., Javadi, A., Mobli, H., Abrinia, K., Sharifi, A..“A review of principle and sun-tracking methods for maximizing solar systems output”.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. January 2009. Pages 1800, 1800, 1804, 1806, & 1812.
[6] Krauter, Stefan. “Solar Electrical Power Generation: Photovoltaic Energy Systems”. Springer. 2006. Pages 21-22.
[7] Mehleri, E., Zervas, P., Sarimveis, H., Palyvos, J., Markatos, N..“Determination of the optimal tilt angle and orientation for solar photovoltaic arrays”.Renewable Energy. April 2010. Page 2469.
[8] J. Richard Williams, (1977) revised edition, solar energy technology and application. Publisher: annabor science publishers INC
[9] Roy Meador, (1978) first edition, future energy alternatives. Publisher: annabor science publishers INC.
[10] Milton a Rothman, (1977) first edition, energy and the future. Publisher: franklin watts INC in USA.
[11] I.M. Blair and B.D. Jones, (1976) first edition, aspects of energy conversion. Publisher: pergamon press ltd
[12] http://www.solar expect. Com/PV types.htm/ „‟solar energy and its relevance‟‟ Oct 8, 2011.

Electrical utilities and end users of electric power are becoming increasingly concerned about meeting the growing energy demand. Maximum amount of energy demand is supplied by the non-renewable sources, but increasing air pollution, global warming concerns, diminishing fossil fuels and their increasing cost have made it look towards renewable energy sources. This paper presents a grid interfacing inverter that compensates power quality problems and it can also interface renewable energy sources with the electric grid. The grid interfacing inverter can effectively be utilized to perform following functions such as transfer of active power harvested from the renewable resources, load reactive power demand support, current harmonic compensation at PCC and current unbalance and neutral current compensation in case of 3-phase 4-wire system. In this paper PI controller and fuzzy logic controller are used individually for controlling the DC capacitor voltage. The grid interface inverter configuration with IGBT is designed and the graphic models of the Grid interfacing inverter is developed using the MATLAB/SIMULINK.

[1]. S.K.Khaden, M.Basu ,M.F.Conlon ," Power quality in grid connected renewable energy systems: Role of custom power devices". ICERPQ, Granda,spain, Mar-2010.
[2]. Dr.Jazeri, Dr.B.Mozafari," A Novel DG grid interface control strategy for active power injection management and power quality improvement" IPSC,Tahran,Iron, Nov-2011.
[3]. A.Arulampalam, M.Barnes, A.Engler, " Control of power electronics iinterfaces in distributed generation micro grids" IJE,vol.5,2004.,page no.1-21.
[4]. IonelVECHIU, GeluGURGUIATU, Emil ROSU,"Advanced Active Power Conditioner to Improve Power Quality in Microgrids" IPEC.,IEEE Conf.,2010.
[5]. F. Blaabjerg, R. Teodorescu, M. Liserre, and A. V. Timbus, “Overview of control and grid synchronization for distributed power generation systems,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 5, pp 1398–1409, Oct. 2006.
[6]. J. M. Carrasco, L. G. Franquelo, J. T. Bialasiewicz, E. Galván, R. C.P. Guisado, M. Á. M. Prats, J. I. León, and N. M. Alfonso, Power- electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 53, no. 4, pp.1002–1016, Aug. 2006.
[7]. B. Renders, K. De Gusseme, W. R. Ryckaert, K. Stockman, L. Van- develde, and M. H. J. Bollen, “Distributed generation for mitigating voltage dips in low-voltage distribution grids,” IEEE Trans. Power. Del., vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1581–1588, Jul. 2008.
[8]. M.Singh, V.Khadkkikar, A.Chandra, Rajiv K.Varma,” Grid interconnection of renewable energy sources at distribution level with power quality improvement” vol.26., no.1., jan-2011.
[9] Rachid Dehini, Brahim Ferdi "STATCOM Dc-bus Voltage ControllerBased on Fuzzy logic" IJAEST vol.11.,pp.281-285.
[10] M.Bhanu Siva, M.R.P Reddy, Ch.Rambabu "Power Quality Improvement of Three-phase four-wire DSTATCOM with Fuzzy logic Controller" ICSIT.,vol.2,pp. 2273-2273.,2011.
[11] M . Nejad, S. Pierfederici, J.P. Martin, F. Meibody-Tabar, ―Study of an hybrid current controller suitable for DC–DC or DC–AC applications,‖ IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 22, pp 2176–2186. November 2007.
[12] Copper Development Association, ―Voltage Disturbances. Standar EN50160 Voltage Characteristics in Public Distribution Systems,2004.